开卷书摘》乔科维奇enter成功！学出入境英文

知名网球好手乔科维奇（Novak Djokovic）为参加今年一月的澳洲网球公开赛，在上周抵达澳洲，却因为签证和疫苗问题，到昨日都还滞留在澳洲的饭店，可能与澳网无缘。但今天（10日）整起事件大反转，法官在听证会宣布推翻取消乔科维奇签证的决定，世界球王当庭获释并可续留澳洲参加比赛。究竟整起事件的原起为何呢？让我们来从相关新闻学英文！

一、怎么描述这起事件？

要描述一则新闻最重要的诀窍，就是第一句话要先说明发生的事情，因此「人名」与「发生的状况」就是两个关键。本次新闻中，「球王乔科维奇被拒绝入境」就是新闻的重点。「入境」的动词是enter，名词为entry，拒绝则使用「否认」字意的deny。因此可以这样描述：

Tennis star Novak Djokovic was denied entry to Australia after landing in Melbourne this week.（网球明星Novak Djokovic本周于墨尔本降落之后被拒绝入境。）

His entry to the building will be denied for good. （他将永远被禁止进入这栋大楼。）

乔科维奇遭拒绝入境后并非待在防疫旅馆（quarantine hotel），因为防疫旅馆是给可能入境，但需要隔离的旅客所使用。对于不确定是否能入境，但也要先隔离起来的旅馆，称为隔离中心（detention center）。detention在学校中指的就是「留校察看」，但在法律上的意思为「拘留」，近年知名电影「返校」就是以detention为名。

入境（immigration）不论在一般英文语境或多益测验（https://bit.ly/3qa2f74）都经常出现。原本的字根是migrate「迁徙」，加上e往外就成了「移出」；im往内就成了「移入」。表格比较如下：

原型字根 移出 移入

Migrate 迁徙 Emigrate v.

Emigrant n. 移民（出）

Emigration n. Immigrate v.

Immigrant n. 移民（入）

Immigration n.

Migratory bird 候鸟

He will stay in an immigration detention center before the court ruling comes out Today.（他在今天法院判决出来前都要待在移民居留中心。）

Immigrant population has hit a new record high last month. （移民数量在上月创新高。）

二、事情是怎么发生的？

相信很多读者一定会很好奇，比赛这么重要，怎么会在入境的时候才被拦下来呢？其实主因就是「医疗豁免权」出问题。在我们介绍成因之前，先来聊聊什么叫做「豁免」？

「豁免」的英文是exempt，名词是exemption。疫情期间树立了许多规范，而当exempt一词出现，就表示这个个体可以免于此规范的限制。澳洲「医疗豁免」制度允许过去六个月感染新冠病毒并康復者，可免除提交疫苗施打证明就可以入境。

Djokovic was granted a medical exemption to compete in the Australian Open as he had recently recovered from COVID-19.（乔科维奇最近刚从COVID-19中康復，因此获得了参加澳洲公开赛的医疗豁免。）

Emergency services workers are exempt from isolation rules. （紧急服务工作人员可免受隔离规范。）

这样的规则听起来没有问题，本次事件的主角也确实刚从COVID-19中康復，那问题出在哪？除了根据墨尔本媒体《The Age》指出，乔科维奇在机场时似乎拿不出文件证明他的豁免原因。另一个理由则是下面这句：

The controversy stems from the Australian government's insistence that a recent infection only offers an exemption for residents. （这样的争端源于澳洲政府坚持近期仅为受感染的居民提供豁免权。）

这句话中有很多个重要的词语，其一是controversy。verse是语词，字首「contro-」是「相反」的意思，所以会造成相反的语词，就是「争议」了。

There will be no controversial topics in TOEIC Tests. （在TOEIC测验中不会有争议性主题。）

stem是「枝枒」，所以stem from就是「延伸出来」的意思。

Experts suspect that the recent COVID cases may stem from holiday gatherings.（专家怀疑近期的COVID案例可能源于假期聚会。）

resident是「居民」，动词为reside，在多益测验中最常出现的是名词residence。

A Green Card holder (permanent resident) is someone who has been granted authorization to live and work in the United States on a permanent basis. （绿卡持有者（永久居民）就是被赋予可于美国永久居住与工作的人。）

三、后续发展

目前乔科维奇的律师有两项诉求，一是获得短期签证，二是立刻换到更适合练习的旅馆。

Djokovic's lawyers argue that he had been granted a temporary visa by Tennis Australia, and should be relocated to a more suitable place to practice more before the Australia Open.（乔科维奇的律师主张他已经从澳洲网球协会处获得短期签证，且应在澳网开始前重新安置到更适合练习的处所。）

temporary的主要字根来自于tempo，字根表示「时间」，单字的意思则为「节拍」。所以temporary就是「暂时」的意思，temporary visa也就代表「短期签证」。

relocate的主要字根来自于locate，字首「re-」是「重新」的意思。locate当动词时是「找到事物」的意思，当名词location则为「位置」，relocate也因此有「重新换个位置」的意思。

A typical relocation package usually covers all costs incurred with moving.（典型的搬迁补贴通常涵盖所有搬家时产生的费用。）

澳洲公开赛将于1月17日举办，希望在防疫不会造成破口的前提下，看到世界好手都能为观眾带来精彩的表现。

【多益模拟试题】

Tennis star Novak Djokovic was denied entry to Australia after landing in Melbourne this week. As a result, he may not play in the upcoming Australian Open. Djokovic is currently the top-ranked tennis player. He will stay in an immigration detention center before the court ruling comes out the following Monday (2021/01/10).

Djokovic had a vaccine exemption to enter Australia even though his COVID-19 infection was confirmed by a PCR test on the 16th of December, 2021. Documents published on Saturday by Australia's Federal Circuit Court show that Djokovic was granted a medical exemption to compete in the Australian Open as he had recently recovered from COVID-19. Djokovic's visa was canceled on the 6th of January under Section 116(1)(e) of the Migration Act, which "allows for the cancellation of a visa where the holder poses a risk to the health, safety or good order of the Australian community, or to an individual within the Australian community." The controversy stems from the Australian government's insistence that a recent infection only offers an exemption for residents.

Djokovic's lawyers argue the player had been granted a temporary visa by Tennis Australia. His lawyers also say that he should be relocated to a more suitable place to practice more before the Australia Open. However, Serbian Prime Minister Ana Brnabic agreed that Djokovic should stay in the designated hotel until the final decision is made.

The Australian Open begins on the 17th of January in Melbourne. Djokovic will have less than a week to be there for the big game.

1. Djokovic is denied entry to Australia because

(A) he was recently diagnosed with COVID-19

(B) he did not have visa granted by the Australia Tennis

(C) serbian Prime Minister did not allow him to enter

(D) the Australia government believes that he may pose risk

2. According to the article, which is correct?

(A) It will be clear if Djokovic gets to play in Australia Open on the 17th of January

(B) Djokovic did not have exemption to compete in Australia Open

(C) Djokovic was PCR-tested positive for COVID-19 in December, 2021

(D) Djokovic is staying in the hotel suitable for his training before the Australia Open

解析：

1. 正解为(D)。句意为「乔科维奇被澳洲拒绝入境的原因是」。(A)最近确诊反而是他拥有免除权的原因。(B)澳洲网球协会确有发Visa，但于1月6日取消了。(C) Serbia首相并未反对，而是表示应该要依照法院裁决。因此(D)「澳洲政府认为他可能构成风险」与文章内法条所述相符，为正确答案。

2. 正解为(C)。根据文章，哪一句是正确的？(A)不会等到开赛日17日，而是周一10日就会有答案。(B)第二段中有明确描述原本是有免除的。(C)第三段中表明目前所处的旅馆并不适合，所以要求更换至可以训练的旅馆成为了律师的其中一点诉求。故应选答案为(C)。

文／李海硕